[ (1) - check file types and compare values 2to3 (1) - Python2 to Python3 converter 2to3-2.7 (1) - Python2 to Python3 converter a2p (1) - Awk to Perl translator acpi (1) - Shows battery status and other ACPI information apropos (1) - поиск в именах справочных страниц и кратких описаниях apt-extracttemplates (1) - Utility to extract debconf config and templates from Debian packages apt-ftparchive (1) - Utility to generate index files aptitude-create-state-bundle (1) - связать текущее состояние aptitude aptitude-run-state-bundle (1) - распаковать пакет состояния aptitude и передать его aptitude apt-listchanges (1) - Show new changelog entries from Debian package archives apt-sortpkgs (1) - Utility to sort package index files arch (1) - print machine hardware name (same as uname -m) asn1parse (1ssl) - ASN.1 parsing tool at (1) - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution atq (1) - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution atrm (1) - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution awk (1) - pattern scanning and text processing language base64 (1) - base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output basename (1) - strip directory and suffix from filenames bash (1) - GNU Bourne-Again SHell bashbug (1) - report a bug in bash batch (1) - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution bc (1) - An arbitrary precision calculator language bsd-from (1) - print names of those who have sent mail bsd-mailx (1) - send and receive mail bsd-write (1) - send a message to another user bunzip2 (1) - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.6 busctl (1) - Introspect the bus busybox (1) - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux bzcat (1) - decompresses files to stdout bzcmp (1) - compare bzip2 compressed files bzdiff (1) - compare bzip2 compressed files bzegrep (1) - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression bzexe (1) - compress executable files in place bzfgrep (1) - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression bzgrep (1) - search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression bzip2 (1) - a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.6 bzip2recover (1) - recovers data from damaged bzip2 files bzless (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text bzmore (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text c2ph (1) - Dump C structures as generated from "cc - g - S" stabs ca (1ssl) - sample minimal CA application cal (1) - displays a calendar and the date of Easter calendar (1) - reminder service CA.pl (1ssl) - friendlier interface for OpenSSL certificate programs capsh (1) - capability shell wrapper captoinfo (1) - convert a termcap description into a terminfo description cat (1) - concatenate files and print on the standard output catchsegv (1) - Catch segmentation faults in programs chacl (1) - change the access control list of a file or directory chage (1) - изменяет информацию об устаревании пароля пользователя chardet (1) - universal character encoding detector chardetect (1) - universal character encoding detector chattr (1) - change file attributes on a Linux file system chcon (1) - change file security context chfn (1) - изменяет информацию о пользователе chgrp (1) - change group ownership chmod (1) - change file mode bits chown (1) - change file owner and group chrt (1) - manipulate the real-time attributes of a process chsh (1) - изменяет регистрационную оболочку пользователя chvt (1) - change foreground virtual terminal ciphers (1ssl) - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool. ckbcomp (1) - compile a XKB keyboard description to a keymap suitable for loadkeys or kbdcontrol cksum (1) - checksum and count the bytes in a file clear (1) - clear the terminal screen clear_console (1) - clear the console cmp (1) - compare two files byte by byte cms (1ssl) - CMS utility codepage (1) - extract a codepage from an MSDOS codepage file col (1) - filter reverse line feeds from input colcrt (1) - filter nroff output for CRT previewing colrm (1) - remove columns from a file column (1) - columnate lists comm (1) - compare two sorted files line by line compose (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file config_data (1) - Query or change configuration of Perl modules corelist (1) - a commandline frontend to Module::CoreList cp (1) - copy files and directories cpan (1) - easily interact with CPAN from the command line cpio (1) - copy files to and from archives c_rehash (1ssl) - Create symbolic links to files named by the hash values crl (1ssl) - CRL utility crl2pkcs7 (1ssl) - Create a PKCS#7 structure from a CRL and certificates. crontab (1) - maintain crontab files for individual users (Vixie Cron) csplit (1) - split a file into sections determined by context lines cut (1) - remove sections from each line of files dash (1) - command interpreter (shell) date (1) - print or set the system date and time dbus-cleanup-sockets (1) - clean up leftover sockets in a directory dbus-daemon (1) - Message bus daemon dbus-monitor (1) - debug probe to print message bus messages dbus-run-session (1) - start a process as a new D-Bus session dbus-send (1) - Send a message to a message bus dbus-uuidgen (1) - Utility to generate UUIDs dc (1) - an arbitrary precision calculator dd (1) - convert and copy a file deallocvt (1) - deallocate unused virtual consoles debconf (1) - запускает программу, использующую debconf debconf-apt-progress (1) - устанавливает пакеты используя debconf для показа индикатора выполнения debconf-communicate (1) - программа для взаимодействия с debconf debconf-copydb (1) - копирует базу данных debconf debconf-escape (1) - помощник при работе с возможностью debconf escape debconf-set-selections (1) - insert new values into the debconf database debconf-show (1) - выполнить запрос к базе данных debconf deb-systemd-helper (1p) - subset of systemctl for machines not running systemd deb-systemd-invoke (1p) - wrapper around systemctl, respecting policy-rc.d df (1) - report file system disk space usage dgst (1ssl) - message digests dh_bash-completion (1) - install bash completions for package dh_installxmlcatalogs (1) - install and register XML catalog files dhparam (1ssl) - DH parameter manipulation and generation dh_pysupport (1) - use the python-support framework to handle Python modules dh_python2 (1) - calculates Python dependencies, adds maintainer scripts to byte compile files, etc. diff (1) - compare files line by line diff3 (1) - compare three files line by line dig (1) - DNS lookup utility dir (1) - list directory contents dircolors (1) - color setup for ls dirname (1) - strip last component from file name discover (1) - hardware detection utility discover-config (1) - config script dmesg (1) - print or control the kernel ring buffer dnsdomainname (1) - show the system's DNS domain name domainname (1) - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name dotlockfile (1) - Utility to manage lockfiles dpkg (1) - package manager for Debian dpkg-deb (1) - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool dpkg-maintscript-helper (1) - works around known dpkg limitations in maintainer scripts dpkg-query (1) - a tool to query the dpkg database dpkg-split (1) - Debian package archive split/join tool dpkg-trigger (1) - a package trigger utility dsa (1ssl) - DSA key processing dsaparam (1ssl) - DSA parameter manipulation and generation dss1 (1ssl) - message digests du (1) - estimate file space usage dumpkeys (1) - dump keyboard translation tables ec (1ssl) - EC key processing echo (1) - display a line of text ecparam (1ssl) - EC parameter manipulation and generation edit (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file editor (1) - Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone egrep (1) - print lines matching a pattern eject (1) - eject removable media enc (1ssl) - symmetric cipher routines enc2xs (1) - - Perl Encode Module Generator env (1) - run a program in a modified environment envsubst (1) - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings eqn (1) - format equations for troff or MathML errstr (1ssl) - lookup error codes ex (1) - Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов expand (1) - convert tabs to spaces expiry (1) - проверяет и изменяет пароль согласно политике устаревания expr (1) - evaluate expressions factor (1) - factor numbers fallocate (1) - preallocate or deallocate space to a file false (1) - do nothing, unsuccessfully fc-cache (1) - build font information cache files fc-cat (1) - read font information cache files fc-list (1) - list available fonts fc-match (1) - match available fonts fc-pattern (1) - parse and show pattern fc-query (1) - query font files fc-scan (1) - scan font files or directories fc-validate (1) - validate font files fgconsole (1) - print the number of the active VT. fgrep (1) - print lines matching a pattern file (1) - determine file type find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy find2perl (1) - translate find command lines to Perl code flock (1) - manage locks from shell scripts fmt (1) - simple optimal text formatter fold (1) - wrap each input line to fit in specified width formail (1) - mail (re)formatter free (1) - Display amount of free and used memory in the system from (1) - print names of those who have sent mail ftp (1) - Internet file transfer program fuser (1) - identify processes using files or sockets gendsa (1ssl) - generate a DSA private key from a set of parameters genpkey (1ssl) - generate a private key genrsa (1ssl) - generate an RSA private key geqn (1) - format equations for troff or MathML GET (1p) - Simple command line user agent getconf (1) - Query system configuration variables getent (1) - get entries from Name Service Switch libraries getfacl (1) - get file access control lists getopt (1) - parse command options (enhanced) getpcaps (1) - List Process Capabilities gettext (1) - translate message ginstall-info (1) - update info/dir entries gpasswd (1) - управление /etc/group и /etc/gshadow gpg (1) - OpenPGP encryption and signing tool gpg2 (1) - OpenPGP encryption and signing tool gpg-agent (1) - Secret key management for GnuPG gpgconf (1) - Modify .gnupg home directories gpg-connect-agent (1) - Communicate with a running agent gpgparsemail (1) - Parse a mail message into an annotated format gpg-preset-passphrase (1) - Put a passphrase into gpg-agent's cache gpgsplit (1) - Split an OpenPGP message into packets gpgv (1) - Verify OpenPGP signatures gpg-zip (1) - encrypt or sign files into an archive gpic (1) - compile pictures for troff or TeX grep (1) - print lines matching a pattern groff (1) - front-end for the groff document formatting system grog (1) - guess options for groff command grops (1) - PostScript driver for groff grotty (1) - groff driver for typewriter-like devices groups (1) - print the groups a user is in grub-editenv (1) - edit GRUB environment block grub-file (1) - check file type grub-fstest (1) - debug tool for GRUB filesystem drivers grub-glue-efi (1) - generate a fat binary for EFI grub-kbdcomp (1) - generate a GRUB keyboard layout file grub-menulst2cfg (1) - transform legacy menu.lst into grub.cfg grub-mkfont (1) - make GRUB font files grub-mkimage (1) - make a bootable image of GRUB grub-mklayout (1) - generate a GRUB keyboard layout file grub-mknetdir (1) - prepare a GRUB netboot directory. grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB grub-mkrelpath (1) - make a system path relative to its root grub-mkrescue (1) - make a GRUB rescue image grub-mkstandalone (1) - make a memdisk-based GRUB image grub-mount (1) - export GRUB filesystem with FUSE grub-render-label (1) - generate a .disk_label for Apple Macs. grub-script-check (1) - check grub.cfg for syntax errors grub-syslinux2cfg (1) - transform syslinux config into grub.cfg gtbl (1) - format tables for troff gtk-query-immodules-2.0 (1) - Input method module registration utility gtk-update-icon-cache (1) - Icon theme caching utility gunzip (1) - compress or expand files gzexe (1) - compress executable files in place gzip (1) - compress or expand files h2ph (1) - convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files h2xs (1) - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions hd (1) - ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump head (1) - output the first part of files HEAD (1p) - Simple command line user agent helpztags (1) - generate the help tags file for directory hexdump (1) - ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump host (1) - DNS lookup utility hostid (1) - print the numeric identifier for the current host hostname (1) - show or set the system's host name hostnamectl (1) - Control the system hostname iconv (1) - convert text from one character encoding to another id (1) - print real and effective user and group IDs info (1) - read Info documents infobrowser (1) - read Info documents infocmp (1) - compare or print out terminfo descriptions infokey (1) - compile customizations for Info infotocap (1) - convert a terminfo description into a termcap description init (1) - systemd system and service manager install (1) - copy files and set attributes install-info (1) - update info/dir entries instmodsh (1) - A shell to examine installed modules intro (1) - introduction to user commands ionice (1) - set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority ipcmk (1) - make various IPC resources ipcrm (1) - remove certain IPC resources ipcs (1) - show information on IPC facilities iptables-xml (1) - Convert iptables-save format to XML ischroot (1) - detect if running in a chroot join (1) - join lines of two files on a common field journalctl (1) - Query the systemd journal json_pp (1) - JSON::PP command utility kbdinfo (1) - obtain information about the status of a console kbd_mode (1) - report or set the keyboard mode kbxutil (1) - List, export, import Keybox data kill (1) - send a signal to a process killall (1) - kill processes by name last (1) - show listing of last logged in users lastb (1) - show listing of last logged in users lcf (1) - Determine which of the historical versions of a config is installed ldd (1) - print shared library dependencies less (1) - opposite of more lessecho (1) - expand metacharacters lessfile (1) - "input preprocessor" for less. lesskey (1) - specify key bindings for less lesspipe (1) - "input preprocessor" for less. lexgrog (1) - анализирует заголовочную информацию справочных страниц lft (1) - print the route packets trace to network host lft.db (1) - print the route packets trace to network host libnetcfg (1) - configure libnet line (1) - read one line link (1) - call the link function to create a link to a file linux32 (1) - change reported architecture in new program environment and set personality flags linux64 (1) - change reported architecture in new program environment and set personality flags linux-version (1) - operate on Linux kernel version strings ln (1) - make links between files loadkeys (1) - load keyboard translation tables locale (1) - get locale-specific information localectl (1) - Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings localedef (1) - compile locale definition files locate (1) - find files by name lockfile (1) - conditional semaphore-file creator logger (1) - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module login (1) - начинает сеанс в системе loginctl (1) - Control the systemd login manager logname (1) - print user's login name look (1) - display lines beginning with a given string lorder (1) - list dependencies for object files ls (1) - list directory contents lsattr (1) - list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system lsb_release (1) - print distribution-specific information lscpu (1) - display information about the CPU architecture lspgpot (1) - extracts the ownertrust values from PGP keyrings and list them in GnuPG ownertrust format. lwp-download (1p) - Fetch large files from the web lwp-dump (1p) - See what headers and content is returned for a URL lwp-mirror (1p) - Simple mirror utility lwp-request (1p) - Simple command line user agent lzcat (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files lzcmp (1) - compare compressed files lzdiff (1) - compare compressed files lzegrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression lzfgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression lzgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression lzless (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files lzma (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files lzmainfo (1) - show information stored in the .lzma file header lzmore (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files m4 (1) - macro processor machinectl (1) - Control the systemd machine manager mail (1) - send and receive mail Mail (1) - send and receive mail mailstat (1) - shows mail-arrival statistics mailx (1) - send and receive mail makeinfo (1) - translate Texinfo documents man (1) - доступ к справочным страницам manconv (1) - изменяет кодировку справочной страницы manpath (1) - определяет путь поиска справочных страниц mawk (1) - pattern scanning and text processing language mcookie (1) - generate magic cookies for xauth md2 (1ssl) - message digests md4 (1ssl) - message digests md5 (1ssl) - message digests md5sum (1) - compute and check MD5 message digest md5sum.textutils (1) - compute and check MD5 message digest mdc2 (1ssl) - message digests memusage (1) - profile memory usage of a program memusagestat (1) - generate graphic from memory profiling data mesg (1) - control write access to your terminal mkdir (1) - make directories mkfifo (1) - make FIFOs (named pipes) mknod (1) - make block or character special files mkpasswd (1) - Overfeatured front end to crypt(3) mktemp (1) - create a temporary file or directory mlocate (1) - find files by name more (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing mountpoint (1) - see if a directory is a mountpoint mt (1) - control magnetic tape drive operation mt-gnu (1) - control magnetic tape drive operation mtrace (1) - interpret the malloc trace log mutt (1) - The Mutt Mail User Agent mutt_dotlock (1) - Lock mail spool files. mutt-org (1) - The Mutt Mail User Agent mv (1) - move (rename) files namei (1) - follow a pathname until a terminal point is found nano (1) - Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone nawk (1) - pattern scanning and text processing language nc (1) - TCP/IP swiss army knife ncal (1) - displays a calendar and the date of Easter nc.traditional (1) - TCP/IP swiss army knife ncurses5-config (1) - helper script for ncurses libraries ncursesw5-config (1) - helper script for ncurses libraries neqn (1) - format equations for ascii output netcat (1) - TCP/IP swiss army knife netkit-ftp (1) - Internet file transfer program newgrp (1) - выполняет регистрацию пользователя в новой группе ngettext (1) - translate message and choose plural form nice (1) - run a program with modified scheduling priority nisdomainname (1) - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name nl (1) - number lines of files nohup (1) - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty nproc (1) - print the number of processing units available nroff (1) - emulate nroff command with groff nsenter (1) - run program with namespaces of other processes nseq (1ssl) - create or examine a netscape certificate sequence nslookup (1) - query Internet name servers interactively nsupdate (1) - Dynamic DNS update utility numfmt (1) - Convert numbers from/to human-readable strings ocsp (1ssl) - Online Certificate Status Protocol utility od (1) - dump files in octal and other formats oldfind (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy omshell (1) - OMAPI Command Shell open (1) - start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT). openssl (1ssl) - OpenSSL command line tool openvt (1) - start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT). pager (1) - opposite of more paperconf (1) - print paper configuration information parsechangelog (1p) - parse Debian changelogs and output them in other formats passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes passwd (1) - изменяет пароль пользователя paste (1) - merge lines of files patch (1) - apply a diff file to an original pathchk (1) - check whether file names are valid or portable pdb (1) - the Python debugger pdb2.7 (1) - the Python debugger pdftexi2dvi (1) - convert Texinfo documents to DVI or PDF peekfd (1) - peek at file descriptors of running processes perf (1) - performance analysis tools for Linux perl (1) - The Perl 5 language interpreter perl5.20.2 (1) - The Perl 5 language interpreter perlbug (1) - how to submit bug reports on Perl perlivp (1) - Perl Installation Verification Procedure perlthanks (1) - how to submit bug reports on Perl pftp (1) - Internet file transfer program pg (1) - browse pagewise through text files pgrep (1) - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes pic (1) - compile pictures for troff or TeX pico (1) - Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone piconv (1) - - iconv(1), reinvented in perl pinentry (1) - PIN or pass-phrase entry dialog for GnuPG pinentry-gtk-2 (1) - PIN or pass-phrase entry dialog for GnuPG pinentry-x11 (1) - PIN or pass-phrase entry dialog for GnuPG pinky (1) - lightweight finger pkcs12 (1ssl) - PKCS#12 file utility pkcs7 (1ssl) - PKCS#7 utility pkcs8 (1ssl) - PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool pkey (1ssl) - public or private key processing tool pkeyparam (1ssl) - public key algorithm parameter processing tool pkeyutl (1ssl) - public key algorithm utility pkill (1) - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes pl2pm (1) - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules. pldd (1) - display dynamic shared objects linked into a process pmap (1) - report memory map of a process pod2html (1) - convert .pod files to .html files pod2man (1) - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input pod2text (1) - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text pod2usage (1) - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files podchecker (1) - check the syntax of POD format documentation files podselect (1) - print selected sections of pod documentation on standard output POST (1p) - Simple command line user agent pr (1) - convert text files for printing preconv (1) - convert encoding of input files to something GNU troff understands prename (1) - renames multiple files print (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file printenv (1) - print all or part of environment printerbanner (1) - print large banner on printer printf (1) - format and print data prlimit (1) - get and set process resource limits procmail (1) - autonomous mail processor prove (1) - Run tests through a TAP harness. prtstat (1) - print statistics of a process ps (1) - report a snapshot of the current processes. psed (1) - a stream editor psfaddtable (1) - add a Unicode character table to a console font psfgettable (1) - extract the embedded Unicode character table from a console font psfstriptable (1) - remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font psfxtable (1) - handle Unicode character tables for console fonts pstree (1) - display a tree of processes pstree.x11 (1) - display a tree of processes pstruct (1) - Dump C structures as generated from "cc - g - S" stabs ptar (1) - a tar-like program written in perl ptardiff (1) - program that diffs an extracted archive against an unextracted one ptargrep (1) - Apply pattern matching to the contents of files in a tar archive ptx (1) - produce a permuted index of file contents pwd (1) - print name of current/working directory pwdx (1) - report current working directory of a process pyclean (1) - removes .pyc and .pyo files pycompile (1) - byte compile Python source files pydoc (1) - the Python documentation tool pydoc2.7 (1) - the Python documentation tool pygettext (1) - Python equivalent of xgettext(1) pygettext2.7 (1) - Python equivalent of xgettext(1) pygmentize (1) - highlights the input file python (1) - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language python2 (1) - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language python2.7 (1) - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language pyversions (1) - print python version information querybts (1) - view outstanding bug reports on a debbugs server rand (1ssl) - generate pseudo-random bytes rbash (1) - restricted bash, see bash(1) rcp (1) - secure copy (remote file copy program) readlink (1) - print resolved symbolic links or canonical file names realpath (1) - print the resolved path rename (1) - renames multiple files rename.ul (1) - rename files renice (1) - alter priority of running processes reportbug (1) - reports a bug to a debbugs server report-hw (1) - dump information on the system's hardware req (1ssl) - PKCS#10 certificate request and certificate generating utility. reset (1) - terminal initialization rev (1) - reverse lines characterwise rgrep (1) - print lines matching a pattern ripemd160 (1ssl) - message digests rlogin (1) - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) rm (1) - remove files or directories rmdir (1) - remove empty directories rnano (1) - Restricted mode for Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone rsa (1ssl) - RSA key processing tool rsautl (1ssl) - RSA utility rsh (1) - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) rst2html (1) - convert reST documents to XHTML rst2latex (1) - convert reST documents to LaTeX rst2man (1) - generate unix manpages from reStructured text rst2odt (1) - convert reST documents to OpenDocument text (ODT) rst2odt_prepstyles (1) - strip paper size specifications off of rst2odt stylesheets rst2pseudoxml (1) - convert reST documents to pseudo-XML rst2s5 (1) - convert reST documents to S5 slides rst2xetex (1) - convert reST documents to XeLaTeX rst2xml (1) - convert reST documents to XML rst-buildhtml (1) - convert many reST documents to HTML rstpep2html (1) - convert reST Python Enhancement Proposals to HTML runcon (1) - run command with specified security context run-mailcap (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file runuser (1) - run a command with substitute user and group ID rview (1) - Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов rvim (1) - Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов s2p (1) - a stream editor s_client (1ssl) - SSL/TLS client program scp (1) - secure copy (remote file copy program) screendump (1) - dump the contents of a virtual console to stdout script (1) - make typescript of terminal session scriptreplay (1) - play back typescripts, using timing information sdiff (1) - side-by-side merge of file differences sed (1) - stream editor for filtering and transforming text see (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file select-editor (1) - select your default sensible-editor from all installed editors sensible-browser (1) - sensible editing, paging, and web browsing sensible-editor (1) - sensible editing, paging, and web browsing sensible-pager (1) - sensible editing, paging, and web browsing seq (1) - print a sequence of numbers sess_id (1ssl) - SSL/TLS session handling utility setarch (1) - change reported architecture in new program environment and set personality flags setfacl (1) - set file access control lists setleds (1) - set the keyboard leds setmetamode (1) - define the keyboard meta key handling setsid (1) - run a program in a new session setterm (1) - set terminal attributes setupcon (1) - sets up the font and the keyboard on the console setvtrgb (1) - customize the console color map sftp (1) - secure file transfer program sg (1) - выполняет команду с правами другой группы sh (1) - command interpreter (shell) sha1 (1ssl) - message digests sha (1ssl) - message digests sha1sum (1) - compute and check SHA1 message digest sha224 (1ssl) - message digests sha224sum (1) - compute and check SHA224 message digest sha256 (1ssl) - message digests sha256sum (1) - compute and check SHA256 message digest sha384 (1ssl) - message digests sha384sum (1) - compute and check SHA384 message digest sha512 (1ssl) - message digests sha512sum (1) - compute and check SHA512 message digest shasum (1) - Print or Check SHA Checksums sh.distrib (1) - command interpreter (shell) showkey (1) - examine the codes sent by the keyboard shred (1) - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it shuf (1) - generate random permutations skill (1) - send a signal or report process status slabtop (1) - display kernel slab cache information in real time sleep (1) - delay for a specified amount of time slogin (1) - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) smime (1ssl) - S/MIME utility smime_keys (1) - Utility to add S/MIME certificate to the internal database used by mutt snice (1) - send a signal or report process status soelim (1) - interpret .so requests in groff input sort (1) - sort lines of text files speed (1ssl) - test library performance spkac (1ssl) - SPKAC printing and generating utility splain (1) - produce verbose warning diagnostics split (1) - split a file into pieces splitfont (1) - extract characters from an ISO-type font. sprof (1) - read and display shared object profiling data s_server (1ssl) - SSL/TLS server program ssh (1) - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) ssh-add (1) - adds private key identities to the authentication agent ssh-agent (1) - authentication agent ssh-argv0 (1) - replaces the old ssh command-name as hostname handling ssh-copy-id (1) - use locally available keys to authorise logins on a remote machine ssh-keygen (1) - authentication key generation, management and conversion ssh-keyscan (1) - gather ssh public keys stat (1) - display file or file system status stdbuf (1) - Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams. s_time (1ssl) - SSL/TLS performance timing program stty (1) - change and print terminal line settings su (1) - изменяет ID пользователя или делает его суперпользователем sum (1) - checksum and count the blocks in a file symcryptrun (1) - Call a simple symmetric encryption tool sync (1) - flush file system buffers systemctl (1) - Control the systemd system and service manager systemd (1) - systemd system and service manager systemd-analyze (1) - Analyze system boot-up performance systemd-ask-password (1) - Query the user for a system password systemd-bootchart (1) - Boot performance graphing tool systemd-cat (1) - Connect a pipeline or program's output with the journal systemd-cgls (1) - Recursively show control group contents systemd-cgtop (1) - Show top control groups by their resource usage systemd-delta (1) - Find overridden configuration files systemd-detect-virt (1) - Detect execution in a virtualized environment systemd-escape (1) - Escape strings for usage in system unit names systemd-inhibit (1) - Execute a program with an inhibition lock taken systemd-machine-id-setup (1) - Initialize the machine ID in /etc/machine-id systemd-notify (1) - Notify service manager about start-up completion and other daemon status changes systemd-nspawn (1) - Spawn a namespace container for debugging, testing and building systemd-path (1) - List and query system and user paths systemd-run (1) - Run programs in transient scope or service units systemd-tty-ask-password-agent (1) - List or process pending systemd password requests tabs (1) - set tabs on a terminal tac (1) - concatenate and print files in reverse tail (1) - output the last part of files tailf (1) - follow the growth of a log file tar (1) - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility tarcat (1) - concatenates the pieces of a GNU tar multi-volume archive taskset (1) - retrieve or set a process's CPU affinity tbl (1) - format tables for troff tee (1) - read from standard input and write to standard output and files telnet (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol telnet.netkit (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol tempfile (1) - create a temporary file in a safe manner test (1) - check file types and compare values texi2any (1) - translate Texinfo documents texi2dvi (1) - convert Texinfo documents to DVI or PDF texi2pdf (1) - convert Texinfo documents to DVI or PDF texindex (1) - sort Texinfo index files tic (1) - the terminfo entry-description compiler time (1) - run programs and summarize system resource usage timedatectl (1) - Control the system time and date timeout (1) - run a command with a time limit tload (1) - graphic representation of system load average toe (1) - table of (terminfo) entries top (1) - display Linux processes touch (1) - change file timestamps tput (1) - initialize a terminal or query terminfo database tr (1) - translate or delete characters traceproto (1) - print the route packets trace to network host traceproto.db (1) - print the route packets trace to network host traceroute (1) - print the route packets trace to network host traceroute6 (1) - print the route packets trace to network host traceroute6.db (1) - print the route packets trace to network host traceroute.db (1) - print the route packets trace to network host traceroute-nanog (1) - print the route packets trace to network host troff (1) - the troff processor of the groff text formatting system true (1) - do nothing, successfully truncate (1) - shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size ts (1ssl) - Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server) tset (1) - terminal initialization tsget (1ssl) - Time Stamping HTTP/HTTPS client tsort (1) - perform topological sort tty (1) - print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input tzselect (1) - view timezones ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in configuration files ucfq (1) - query the ucf database ucfr (1) - Update Configuration File Registry: associate packages with configuration files ul (1) - do underlining uname (1) - print system information uncompress (1) - compress or expand files unexpand (1) - convert spaces to tabs unicode_start (1) - put keyboard and console in unicode mode unicode_stop (1) - revert keyboard and console from unicode mode uniq (1) - report or omit repeated lines unlink (1) - call the unlink function to remove the specified file unlzma (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files unshare (1) - run program with some namespaces unshared from parent unxz (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files update-mime-database (1) - a program to build the Shared MIME-Info database cache uptime (1) - Tell how long the system has been running. usb-devices (1) - print USB device details users (1) - print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host utmpdump (1) - dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format vdir (1) - list directory contents verify (1ssl) - Utility to verify certificates. version (1ssl) - print OpenSSL version information vi (1) - Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов view (1) - Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов vim (1) - Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов vimdiff (1) - позволяет редактировать две или три версии файла с помощью Vim с отображением различий. volname (1) - return volume name w (1) - Show who is logged on and what they are doing. w3m (1) - a text based Web browser and pager w3mman (1) - an interface to the on-line reference manuals by w3m(1) wall (1) - write a message to all users watch (1) - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen watchgnupg (1) - Read and print logs from a socket wc (1) - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file wget (1) - The non-interactive network downloader. whatis (1) - показывает однострочные описания справочных страниц whereis (1) - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command which (1) - locate a command whiptail (1) - display dialog boxes from shell scripts who (1) - show who is logged on whoami (1) - print effective userid whois (1) - client for the whois directory service w.procps (1) - Show who is logged on and what they are doing. write (1) - send a message to another user www-browser (1) - a text based Web browser and pager x509 (1ssl) - Certificate display and signing utility xargs (1) - build and execute command lines from standard input xauth (1) - X authority file utility xsubpp (1) - compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code xxd (1) - создаёт представление файла в виде шестнадцатеричных кодов или выполняет обратное преобразование. xz (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files xzcat (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files xzcmp (1) - compare compressed files xzdiff (1) - compare compressed files xzegrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression xzfgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression xzgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression xzless (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files xzmore (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files yes (1) - output a string repeatedly until killed ypdomainname (1) - show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name zcat (1) - compress or expand files zcmp (1) - compare compressed files zdiff (1) - compare compressed files zegrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zfgrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zforce (1) - force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files zgrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zipdetails (1) - display the internal structure of zip files zless (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text zmore (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text znew (1) - recompress .Z files to .gz files zsoelim (1) - выполняет .so запросы для входящих данных roff